Monday, September 19, 2022

Genetically Modified Cow

The benefit of using the genetically engineered cows is that they are able to produce human antibodies in much higher quantities than people can. A scientific breakthrough means that may no longer be the case.

Genetically Modified Cows May One Day Produce Human Breast Milk

Rosita Isa a cow genetically modified to produce human-like milk.

Genetically modified cow. Genetically modified animals are animals that have been genetically modified for a variety of purposes including producing drugs enhancing yields increasing resistance to disease etc. Genetically modified cows Babies are often allergic to cows milk. On January 12 2010 the Imminent Health Hazard Petition was again submitted to the FDA.

The genetically altered cows are particularly valuable because they create polyclonal antibodies antibodies that can attack bacteria viruses and even cancer cells in multiple areas. INTA National Agricultural Technology Institute Argentina Cows. A biotech company has coaxed genetically modified cows to pump out human antibodies that subdue SARS-CoV-2 the pathogen causing the deadly disease and it plans to start clinical trials of them.

Specific maize strains have been genetically engineered to express agriculturally-desirable traits including resistance to pests and to herbicides. The study involved 1000 cows across four European countries including the UK. To make Daisy scientists took a cow skin cell and genetically modified it to produce molecules that block the manufacture of BLG protein.

The vast majority of genetically modified animals are at the research stage while the. Scientists are genetically altering cows so they have no horns in a bid to make them safer. The genetically modified dairy cow will be identical in every way to other livestock but without the.

To test the feasibility of protecting animals through genetic engineering transgenic cows secreting lysostaphin at concentrations ranging from 09 to 14 microgramsml corrected in their milk were produced. Transgenic cows are genetically modified GM cows. However the FDA failed to respond to let alone even acknowledge this Petition.

Cows that have been genetically modified so they burp and fart less could have a major impact on climate changepotentially helping to reduce. Maize strains with both traits are now in use in multiple countries. The researchers identified a group of genetically inherited gut microbes.

Nevertheless others worried about negative effects of GM on well-being eg. In vitro assays demonstrated the milks ability to kill Staphylococcus aureus. They have an extra gene or genes inserted into their DNA.

Recently scientists have genetically modified dairy cattle to be hornless and to be resistant to certain diseases 6. Genetically modified maize corn is a genetically modified crop. The extra gene may come from the same species or from a different species.

Sullivan says one cow can produce anywhere from 300. Scientists in both China and Argentina have. Its genetically engineered to grow twice as fast as typical farmed salmon containing a growth-hormone gene from Chinook salmon and DNA from an eel-like species.

D_ALL and genetic modification saves the cow the surgery R143 H_WS and bringing up the theme of animal welfare was positively associated with participant attitudes toward GM. Moreover the inserted gene seems to be already found naturally in some cattle said Chuck Sattler VP of genetic programs at cow-breeding company. This Petition detailed the abnormalities in milk from cows injected with the genetically modified bovine growth hormone rBGH commonly known as Posilac.

A US Department of Agriculture USDA grant document showed Recombinetics had received approval to fly the genetically modified sperm to Australia to impregnate dairy cows.

Sunday, September 18, 2022

What Makes Things Kosher

The first thing to start with is the meaning of the word. Kosher refers to a set of intricate biblical laws that detail the types of food that a Jewish person may eat and the ways in which it may be prepared.

What Does Kosher Mean Kosher Food Kosher Diet Guidelines Get Collagen Supplements South Africa

Thus milk and eggs are kosher only when they come from kosher animals.

What makes things kosher. A rule of thumb cited by the Talmud is. The pyramidal salt crystals are generally made by an evaporative process called the Alberger process. The flat form is usually made when cubic crystals are forced into this shape under pressure usually between rollers.

According to the Talmud 2 any fish that has scales also has fins. What makes something kosher. In addition all eggs should be carefully examined before use to ensure that they are free of blood spots.

1 In order for a fish to be kosher it must have both of these signs. The kashrut noun of kosher is all the laws concerning what is allowed to eat and what isnt allowed to eat within the Jewish law. Consequently vegetables fruits and other products infested with such insects must be checked and the insects removed.

Thus if one knows that a. All products that grow in the soil or on plants bushes or trees are kosher. However all insects and animals that have many legs or very short legs are not kosher.

What comes from a non-kosher animal is not kosher. 27 Fruits vegetables cereals. All kosher laws are derived from specific passages from the Torah or First Testament which condemn certain foods and eating habits based mainly on moral and hygienic concerns.

Kosher meat comes from animals that have split hooves -- like cows sheep and goats -- and chew their cud. Kosher in Hebrew means appropriate that complies with all the Torah and Talmudic laws. It must come from ruminant animals with cloven or split hooves such as cows sheep goats lambs.

To be certified Kosher all ingredients in every productand the process of preparing the productmust be certified for orthodox kosher-compliance too. Kosher observance is a historical communal and personal commitment and a connection to the will of the Creator. For all of the philosophical ideological even quasi-scientific reasons people put forth to help explain Jewish dietary laws at heart the mitzvah commandment by God to keep kosher is considered a law that cannot be explained by logic alone.

In the end I usually just lie about having. Do Jewish people eat Bald Eagles. Click on the link below to.

Morton Salt produces flat kosher salt while Diamond Crystal produces pyramidal. This is actually one of the simplest most straightforward reasons that observant Jews keep kosher. What comes from a kosher animal is kosher.

When these types of animals eat partially digested food cud. The Torah gives two signs that determine if a fish is kosher fins and scales. The term kosher refers to foods and eating habits that adhere to the regulations of Jewish dietary law called kashrut in Hebrew.

Find out in episode 12 of Im Talking To Jew. Kosher is a process of food production that adheres to dietary guidelines set forth in the Bible and clarified over the centuries by rabbinic authorities in Jewish law. Jewish law states that for meat to be considered kosher it must meet the following criteria.

Can things other than food be non-kosher. Most kosher meals cannot have butter so it makes eating all the more difficult when restaurants and everyone else secretly put butter in everything.

Saturday, September 17, 2022

Bill Oreilly Wife

Bill OReilly is a 71 year old American Talk Show Host. If playback doesnt begin shortly try restarting your.

Bill O Reilly Attacked Wife When Found Having Phone Sex Daily Mail Online

Though he is 191 m tall he weighs about 98 kg.

Bill oreilly wife. Bill OReillys divorce from his ex-wife Maureen McPhilmy got so ugly he tried to have her booted from the Catholic Church Gawker reportsOReilly and McPhilmy split on April 2 2010 and. You have probably heard of Bill OReilly the famous political commentator and television host but do you know that Madeline is his only daughter and oldest child. The two first met in 1992 in New York.

McPhilmy was born in Chittenango New York on May 11 1966. In between the two there was something more than friendship. There is an ongoing 10 million lawsuit involved.

Bill OReilly said I do to Maureen on November 2 1996. Bill OReilly was once married to a public relations executive Maureen E. Madeline OReilly was born in 1998 in New York USA she is the daughter of Bill and his now ex-wife Maureen McPhilmy.

Bill OReilly slammed his wife into a wall and dragged her by the throat down a staircase after she caught him having phone sex while naked from the waist down claim court documents. Bill OReillys age is 71 years old as of todays date 12th May 2021 having been born on 10 September 1949. McPhilmy in the private event.

In May 2015 court transcripts from OReillys custody trial with ex-wife Maureen McPhilmy revealed an allegation of domestic violence. Bill was appointed as a host of A Current Affair show and Maureen was also working at the same place as a public relations executive. In the affidavit which was signed and notarized on October 10 2011 and later entered as an exhibit in the couples divorce proceedings OReillys ex-wife Maureen McPhilmy.

Bill OReilly has filed a 10 million lawsuit against his ex-wife Maureen McPhilmy who was seen yesterday picking up one of her children at school in Manhasset New York. Bill OReilly was previously married to Maureen McPhilmy 1996 - 2011. Maureen Elizabeth McPhilmy was born on 11 May 1966 in Chittenango New York State USA and is a public relations executive but perhaps best known for being the ex.

Married the tv show host Bill OReilly left him because of domestic violence and married her current husband Jeffrey Gross a detective. Bill OReilly divorce Bill wants his ex-wife to go to Hell. Bill OReillys Personal Life.

They met sometime in 1992 and were married four years later in the St. Bill OReillys Wife Seeks Divorce Tweets Picture of OReilly Shortly After. They adopted their first child a daughter Madeline in 1998 and a son Spencer in 2003.

Yes OReilly was first married to Maureen E. Brigid Parish of Westbury New York. He is the father of two children Madeline born 1998 and Spencer born 2003.

This hardworking man was very sure about getting married to his affair from the very first time he saw her. As we previously reported the Fox News falafelist became separated from his former wife Maureen McPhilmy at some point in 2011 and later went on an apparently corrupt crusade to destroy the career of the Nassau County Police detective she was dating. William is a married man who got engaged with his wife Maureen E.

Affair Girlfriends Wife Kids. The original video titled Bill OReilly Flips Out was removed but another user reuploaded it the day after and retitled it Bill OReilly Goes Nuts.

Flash Player Other

Adobe recommends uninstalling Flash Player from your system as soon as possible. Do I have to close the IE process periodically to release memory.

Adobe Flash Player Download Flash Player Standalone Is A Free Program Designed To Play Flash Format Files

If the Version is 1607 or something other than 1703 go to the OS Version 1607 - Enable Flash Player section below.

Flash player other. To find the Windows 10 OS Version installed go to Settings System About. See Flash Player EOL announcements from Apple Facebook Google Microsoft and Mozilla. Skip all the steps presented on this page and instead click the link that says Download Flash Player with the manual installer.

By providing more than three years advance notice Adobe believes that there has been sufficient time for developers designers businesses and other parties to migrate Flash. Adobe has officially killed off Flash Player the buggy hated security vulnerability of a web browser plug-in that was once widely used for viewing rich content like games videos and other. Here are some of the Date Formats for Flash Player as it included native support for many data formats some of these are mentioned below.

When I look in Scout the memory for the latest session shows Other Players as 34GB. Adobe will no longer be supporting Flash Player after December 31 2020. It can run from a web browser plug-in or.

That is even if you have specified in your browser settings that you do not want cookies placed on your computer you may be asked if an application that runs in Flash Player can store information. But no to traditional a macro player this app you Enjoy to player the webpage flash the app visualizing your private login info. Now just install Flash as usual.

For more information see the Adobe Flash Player. Uninstall Flash from a Mac. Loop is repeated dozens of times.

Please note the Windows Edition for advanced options. If the version is 1703 go to the OS Version 1607 - Enable Flash Player section below. 3 Close flash app popup.

What is Adobe Flash Player Adobe Flash Player is the standard for delivering high-impact and rich web content created by Macromedia and has been developed and distributed by Adobe Systems. Adobe Flash Player یا به اختصار فلش پلیر نرمافزاری رایگان برای مشاهده فایل های چندرسانهای اجرای برنامه های اینترنتی و ویدئو و صدا و محتوای ایجاد شده بر روی پلتفرم ادوبی فلش است. Adobe Flash Player - кроссплатформенный модуль который представляет собой незаменимый инструмент для воспроизведения мультимедийного интерактивного Flash-контента файлы FLV SWF в различных.

A Newgrounds Flash Player is also available for Windows machines that you can install on your PC or laptop to play Flash content from your browser even without using the traditional Flash Player plug-in. The Adobe Flash Player plugin supports several popular web browsers including Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome apps. Select the correct file for the browser you are using.

When SWF or FLV content is being played the settings you select for Flash Player are used in place of options you may have set in your browser. Scarica lAdobe Flash Player 3200363 per Windows gratuitamente e senza virus su Uptodown. Go ToolsManage Addons and filter by Downloaded Controls from the View drop-down.

Uninstall Flash from a Windows PC. Any proteus other than blocking them or the problem request of the installation flash to the device in prison involves scoring your consent to their use. Adobe is planning to end-of-life Flash.

Prova lultima versione di Adobe Flash Player 2020 per Windows. On December 31 2020 Adobe killed off Flash Player once and for all and users are now recommended to uninstall the software from Windows 10 and web browsers. Restart IE8 x86 and navigate to the Adobe Flash test page.

It allows users to playback audio and video streams as well as to interact. Internet OptionsAdvanced tab uncheck Enable third-party browser extensions. Specifically we will stop updating and distributing the Flash Player at the end of 2020 and encourage content creators to migrate any existing Flash content to these new open formats.

One file is for Internet Explorer the other is for all other browsers. This announcement has a major impact on any organization which has e-learning courses published to. 2 Launch a 3rd separate popup page with the flash app inside it.

On July 25 2017 Adobe made the following announcement. Locate Shockwave Flash from the list and double click the Item in the list to display its properties. The IE process in the task manager is 35GB.

We recommend that you save the document in the regular Animate FLA format before exporting the file to the Flash Player SWF format or any other file format. Also major browser vendors are integrating these open standards into their browsers and deprecating most other plug-ins like Flash Player.

Thursday, September 15, 2022

Trump International Golf Links

Hier sollte eine Beschreibung angezeigt werden diese Seite lässt dies jedoch nicht zu. Set amidst The Great Dunes of Scotland Trump International Golf Links embraces mile after mile of spectacular Aberdeenshire coastline and guarantees the experience of a lifetime.

Trump International Scotland Golf In Scotland Aberdeenshire

Donald Trump opens The Trump International Golf Links Course as Ivanka Trump Eric Trump Martin Hawtree George OGrady Colin Montgomerie Don.

Trump international golf links. Trump ist Trumpf Neben den besten Golfplätzen in Schottland. Herzlichen Glueckwunsch an Donald Trump. Nach so kurzer Zeit entstand hier ein absoluter Weltklasse Duenen-Golfplatz Links Course.

Join me ONTHEGREENWITHCHLOE on my golfing journey as I look to improve every aspect of my game with the help of some great coaches. Now 300 Was 320 on Tripadvisor. Sascha Zastiral für WirtschaftsWoche.

Trump International Golf Links Ireland officially opened in 2002 and was immediately designated Best New International Golf Course by Golf Digest. Die Trump International Golf Links Scotland kurz oberhalb von Aberdeen zaehlen zu den besten 5 Golfclubs in Schottland. Golf Monthlys Neil Tappin travelled to Aberdeen to explore one of the worlds most talked about new golf courses - Trump International Golf Links Become.

With this rating Trump International Golf Links. Against a dramatic North Sea backdrop our award-winning championship course designed by renowned links golf architect Dr. The golf courses in the neighbourhood East Aberdeenshire Golf Centre Newburgh-on-Ythan Golf Club Murcar Links Golf Club Newmachar Golf Club Royal Aberdeen Golf Club and McDonald Golf Club.

Trump International Golf Links in Schotland hat nun die Bauanträge für die nächste Bau- und Entwicklungsphase eingereicht. Reasons to Visit Trump International Golf Links Ranked within The Top 100 Golf Courses in The World and Top 25 in UK Ireland Designed by Martin Hawtree who also helped with great Irish links Lahinch Royal Dublin and The Island Within a short distance of Royal Aberdeen Murcar Links and Cruden Bay for one of the worlds best golf links tours. Martin Hawtree offers breathtaking scenery and an unparalleled test of golf.

The average rating of these reviews is a 93. If you are new to the g. Pläne für eine Personalunterkunft mit 30 Zimmern einen Ballsaal für mehr als 400 Gäste.

Blend the towering dunes of Ballybunion the relentless challenge of Carnoustie and the legendary bombast of Donald Trump and youd have a potential Open site for the ages. Take in the stunning New York City skyline from the award-winning Trump Golf Links at Ferry Point. Our 18-hole links-style course is open to the public and offers golfers a tournament quality experience just minutes outside of Manhattan.

Direkt darunter liegen die Trump International Golf Links laut ihrem Namensgeber der großartigste Golfplatz der Welt. Trump International Golf Links is one of the 37 golf courses in Aberdeenshire. The world renowned 18-hole championship course at Trump International Golf Links Hotel Doonbeg spans 15 miles of crescent shaped beach and century old sand dunes along Doughmore Bay.

Trump International Golf Links has 25 reviews. Our new clubhouse will feature exceptional dining options and special event venues unparalleled in the Northeast. Trump International Golf Links Scotland.

1 - 2 1 2. Trump International Golf Links Hotel Doonbeg Doonbeg. Old Course-Dukes ist fuer mich der Trump.

Menie Estate AB23 8YE Balmedie Aberdeenshire Großbritannien. In 2010 it held the prestigious title of European Golf Resort of the Year presented by the IAGTO Global Golf Tourism Organization and in 2011 was named as one of the top 100 courses in the world by Golf Magazine. See 923 traveler reviews 828 candid photos and great deals for Trump International Golf Links Hotel Doonbeg ranked 1 of 1 hotel in Doonbeg and rated 45 of 5 at Tripadvisor.

Donald Trump plays a round of golf after the opening of The Trump International Golf Links Course on July 10 2012 in Balmedie Scotland.

Kid Safe Computer Software

Im Windows Task-Manager sehen Sie welche Auslastung von CPU Arbeitsspeicher Festplatte und. In der Prüfung von AV-Test mussten sich zwei spezielle Kinderschutz-Programme beweisen Kaspersky Safe Kids und Norton Family.

The Best Parental Control Software And Apps Of 2021 Comparitech

Ich empfehle es allen Eltern dieses Programm zu kaufen.

Kid safe computer software. With this computer tracking software you can track kids browsing history computer activity block certain desktop apps or filter porn websites on PC. This kid-friendly browser can also block access tot he Internet for the times you specify. For Windows Vista and Windows 7 PCs you must download and install the Family Safety application a part of the free Windows Essentials software.

KidSplorer Web Browser can also help keep your kids safe while theyre online. McAfee has parental control software as well and Net Nanny is another popular option. It is one of the best pc monitoring software for tracking the various actions of kids computer.

Es ist ansich ein MUSS auf jedem Familienrechner. FamiSafe computer monitoring software. Informationen zu Kaspersky Safe Kids Kaspersky Safe Kids ist eine digitale Kindersicherung mit der Sie die Internetaktivitäten Ihres Nachwuchses überwachen.

These features let parents control how long their kids are on the computer and which computer programs are accessible going beyond the internet. Both Windows and Mac OS also offer family safety features that parents should check out. Wenn Sie nach einem guten Programm gesucht haben um Ihren Computer vor den kleinen Händen zu schützen die gerne mit Keyboards spielen dann sollten Sie KidSafe ausprobieren.

Jetzt Free-Download für PC starten. Es ist ideal auf Kinder zugeschnitten und macht auf Wunsch aus einem normalen PC einen Familienrechner. Kaspersky Safe Kids 2021 Kindersicherung Internet Kaspersky.

Manage their screen time block adult content and see where they go on a map. There is 10 best computer monitoring software for parents to control the kids activities such as. Herunterladen KidSafe Exe und portable Versionen Neue Homepage.

So if the kids should be doing their homework you can rest assured they wont be able to go online. Mit der kostenlosen Kindersicherung Kaspersky Safe Kids legt ihr eine sichere Umgebung auf eurem PC an. The best free parental control software is Qustodio which offers a comprehensive suite of tools to keep your kids safe online including content-filtering and time limits.

Viele Windows-Downloads gibt es als 32-Bit- und 64-Bit-Version. Kidlogger multiple platforms Kidlogger is an excellent option if youd prefer to be covert instead of proactive. Kaspersky Safe Kids Das kostenlose Kindersicherungs-Programm Kaspersky Safe Kids hilft Ihnen dabei den Überblick darüber zu behalten was Ihr Kind mit seinem Computer.

However its not your. Kaspersky Safe Kids is an affordable parental control tool that provides a safe internet environment for your kids. In der Software legen Sie einen.

Instead of blocking sites Kidlogger automatically tracks keystrokes web. Herunterladen KidSafe PortableApps Version Software Homepage Alte Homepage. Dadurch kann eurer Nachwuchs unbehelligt die.

Überwachen Sie die Online-Aktivitäten Ihre Kinder mit der kostenlosen Testversion von Kaspersky Safe Kids. Kaspersky Safe Kids is an advanced parental control app that helps you protect your kids. To learn more about these options do a web search for.

Der Prozess kidsafedll gehört nicht zum Windows Betriebssystem sondern zu einer Software die Sie auf Ihrem System installiert haben. Schützen Sie Ihre Kinder vor Gefahren im Internet damit sie die digitale Welt genießen können. Das Programm ist absolut genial.

Da die meisten Anwendungen ihre Daten auf Festplatte und Registry speichern werden diese mit der Zeit fragmentiert und beeinträchtigen die PC-Leistung. Your kids can only visit the sites you whitelisted and you can remove edit or add URLs. You can make the browser run at startup if you want or can just manually launch it.

The tool lets you manage the usage of apps and screen time. Windows 7 Windows 8 Windows 10 Allgemeiner Hinweis zu 32- und 64-Bit-Versionen. Testen Sie die Kaspersky Safe Kids Kinderschutzsoftware.

100 Free trial - download now. Außerdem nahmen die Tester Microsoft Family Safety unter die Lupe. Derzeit gibt es kein vergleichbares Programm auf dem Markt dass die Sicherheit für Kinder und Jugendliche bietet.

It offers the controls via an app on your mobile device and also provides an online platform to customize the settings and view reports. Its strong content filter protects the kids from adult and harmful content. Kaspersky Safe Kids 1051360 für.

Kaspersky Safe Kids is a full-featured affordable parental monitoring system for desktop and mobile platforms that doesnt impose limits on the number of.

What Is Sunk Cost Fallacy

The Sunk Cost Dilemma is additionally called the Concorde Fallacy. The sunk cost fallacy is most dangerous when we have invested a lot of time money.

How The Sunk Cost Fallacy Wreaks Havoc On Your Money And Your Mind Sunk Costs Opportunity Cost Behavioral Economics

And what is the Sunk Cost Trap or the Sunk Cost Fallacy.

What is sunk cost fallacy. However there is also the axiom of throwing good money after bad This is known as the sunk cost fallacy which is an error in reasoning that the decision maker should avoid. Sunk Cost Fallacy Examples. The sunk cost fallacy occurs when people continue investing time and resources into something because they are afraid of losing everything if they stop that behavior.

We believe that because we have sunk that. For example a business may have invested a million dollars into new hardware. Therefore such a cost is irrelevant for making decisions for the future.

The value at present is zero because it is incomplete and no sale or recovery is feasible. Sunk cost dilemma is an emotional difficulty to decide whether to continue with the projectdeal. Energy or love in something.

In business an example of sunk costs may be investment into a factory or research that now has a lower value or no value whatsoever. The sunk cost fallacy occurs when we are unable to cut our losses due to the past money or time we have spent on an an activity. A sunk cost fallacy is often simplified to the idea of throwing good money after bad while refusing to cut ones losses.

This money is now gone and cannot be. What is this fallacy. This fallacy often leads to irrational.

Sunk cost fallacy also known as Concorde fallacy is an emotional situation where the. In sunk cost theory we will often decide to stay with something because weve put time or resources into it. This cost incurred as sunk cost expense and debited under the profit and loss account.

The Sunk Cost Dilemma is a formal monetary term that portrays the trouble of deciding whether to continue with an investment or desert it when the time and cash have been spent and the ideal outcomes have not yet been accomplished. The more we invest the greater the sunk costs are and the greater the urge to continue becomes. This investment becomes a reason to carry on even if we are dealing with a lost cause.

The term sunk cost fallacy describes a common situation in human behavior in which sunk costs influence decision-making despite the fact that they have already been spent and are not recoverable. The sunk cost fallacy is one of the more frequent delusions wh. These types of costs are also sometimes known as retrospective costs as opposed to prospective costs which could be altered based on different actions being taken.

In economics a sunk cost is any past cost that has already been paid and cannot be recovered. Sunk cost fallacy is when we feel committed to an endeavor and compelled to keep going because of prior investment despite lack of return. Chances are good that even if you pride yourself on being rational most of the time you still occasionally fall for the sunk cost fallacy.

As it has already been done thats why it is known as historical cost or past cost. Examples of Sunk Cost Fallacy. For example 20 million has been spent on building a power plant.

Sunk costs are expended costs that cannot be recovered by the project. Sunk cost is that cost that has been gone out of your pocket and cannot come back. And How it Can Affect Your Decisions.

Much of our decision making is focused on how and where to invest our time money and effort. Sunk cost dilemma in. Sunk Cost is a concept that is important to project management and in this.

What is sunk cost and the sunk cost fallacy. In other words people are likely to continue spending money on something to sustain it if they have previously invested money into it. Investors frequently fall victim to the sunk cost fallacy.

Instead of making the rational choice to maximize our utility at the present time we end up trying to regain the time or money we have already lost by continuing to spend more time or money. For instance a person who buys a book and begins reading it may find out that she does not enjoy it. Jim Semick Co-Founder of ProductPlan explains it this way.

Genetically Modified Cow

The benefit of using the genetically engineered cows is that they are able to produce human antibodies in much higher quantities than peopl...